The Salem Witch Trails, By Frances Hill - 933 Words

Frances Hill, a specialist in the Salem witch trails, once described the event as â€Å"providing an astonishingly clear and instructive model of the universal and timeless processes by which groups of human beings instigate, justify, and escalate persecution†¦the steps are easy to trace, by which a few deranged, destructive human beings led ordinary mortals down the dark paths of fear, hatred, and envy to demonize and destroy innocent victims.† These trials will most likely be an occasion where historians will always wonder how and why. How did the people of Salem begin to be affected by witchcraft? Why were they so willing to accuse each other, ultimately ending in twenty deaths? By looking into the history of the village and its’ social conditions, this paper will explore the possibility that Reverend Samuel Parris, in fear of losing his position within the community, used the Bible, his supporters, and the villagers’ beliefs to scare Salem into believing witchcraft was alive in their village. For thousands of years, Christian societies throughout Europe deemed witchcraft as a critical threat and imagined it as summoning evil powers. Witches were seen by the Christian community as â€Å"a conspiracy organized under the leadership of the devil.† There are quite a few references to witchcraft and sorcery in the Bible, the two most famous being Exodus 22:18 and Deuteronomy 18:9-14. These two verses have been used over the past centuries to solidify Christian belief that witchcraft isShow MoreRelatedA Delusion of Satan Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesHistory 101 A Delusion of Satan A Delusion of Satan, was written by Frances Hill and covers in the personal situations of the people in Salem during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. The book opens up describing the intense and strict life style of the Puritan. Then we go into discussion of the town of Salem at the time, being owned by mainly the Putman family. The pastor there, Samuel Parris, has lived there in Salem since 1689. He resides with his wife, his children, niece (Abigail Williams)Read MoreSalem Witch Trials : A Series Of Events That Occurred3696 Words   |  15 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a series of events that occurred within the 1690 s in a puritan society called Salem Village. It started with people acting out due to unknown causes and sources. Citizens within Salem started to accuse the men and women who acted out as witches, increasing mistrust and hysteria within Salem. The numerous allegations lead to hearings and prosecutions of the people who were accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts. The trials resulted in the executions of twentyRead MoreThe Salem Of Witch Trails2281 Words   |  10 Pagesit must been According to Blumberg, the Salem of witch trails was a really bad part of the United State. There were people who didn’t understanding why they were getting accused. This happed during 1692 and 1693 in Massachusetts. This happened during this time. The main parts that started and fueled the trials were politics, religion, family, feuds, economics, and the imaginations and fears of people (Sutter). The seeds of the hysteria is afflicted Salem village, Massachusetts were sown on JanuaryRead MoreThe Salem Of Witch Trails2303 Words   |  10 PagesAccording to Blumberg, the Salem of witch trails it was a really bad part of the United State. There were people who didn’t understanding why they were getting accused. This happed during the 1692 and 1693 in Massachusetts this was really happing during this time. The main parts that started and fueled the trials were politics, religion, family, feuds, economics, and the imaginations and fears of people (Sutter). The seeds of the hysteria is afflicted Salem village, Massachusetts were sown onRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Series Of Events That Killed Innocent People1881 Words   |  8 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials was a series of events that killed innocent people and brought fear to the community. The infamous Salem witch trials began during the Spring of 1692, located in Salem Village, Massachusetts. The people of Salem wanted to purge against anything that was considered remotely unholy. A group of young girls claimed that they were possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. A special court was made due to this wave of hysteria that spreaded through colonial

Essay on Anselm’s Ontological Argument - 1217 Words

The ontological argument for God’s existence is a work of art resulting from philosophical argumentation. An ontological argument for the existence of God is one that attempts the method of a priori proof, which utilizes intuition and reason alone. The term a priori refers to deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that proceeds from general principles or premises to derive particular information. The argument works by examining the concept of God, and arguing that it implies the actual existence of God; that is, if we can conceive of God then God exists. However, this type of argument is often criticized as committing a bare assertion fallacy. The bare assertion fallacy is fallacy in formal logic where a premise†¦show more content†¦Anselm goes on to justify his assumption by using the analogy of a painter. In short, when a painter first conceives of what it is he wants to accomplish, he has it in his understanding but does not yet understan d it to exist. He doesn’t understand it to exist because he has yet to construct his painting. His point in general is that there is a difference between saying that something exists in my mind and saying that I believe that something exists. Anselm goes on to introduce another assumption that could be considered a new version of the argument. He tries to show that God cannot possibly exist in the understanding alone by contrasting existing in the understand with existing in reality. One of the earliest recorded objections to Anselms argument was raised by one of Anselms contemporaries, Gaunilo of Marmoutiers. One of the problems that he brings forth is that Anselm’s argument could be applied to things other than God. If the argument were valid, it could be applied to things that are clearly imaginary. Here is where the example of the lost island is introduced. Gaunilo invited his readers to think of the greatest, or most perfect, conceivable island. As a matter of fac t, it is likely that no such island actually exists. However, his argument would then say that we arent thinking of the greatest conceivable island, because the greatestShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Anselms Ontological Argument and the Argument from Evil1448 Words   |  6 Pages2011 Analysis to Anselm’s Ontological Argument and the Argument from Evil The debate of the existence of God had been active since before the first philosopher has pondered the question. Anselm’s Ontological Argument was introduced during the 11th century and had stood deductively valid until the 18th century. Then there are the arguments to aim disprove God, such as the Argument from Evil. The Ontological argument is an a priori deductive argument. That is, an argument relating to beingRead MoreEssay Anselms Ontological Argument1281 Words   |  6 PagesIn Chapter 2 of Anselms Proslogian, Anselm offers what was later to be characterized as his Ontological Argument, which is an argument for Gods existence he felt was so strong that even a fool as is said in Psalms 14:1- who has said in his heart, There is no God. Anselms argument is as follows : 1. God is that which nothing greater can be conceived. 2. If someone understands a thing, than that thing exists in someones understanding. 3. If someone understands that which nothing greaterRead MoreEssay on The Ontological Argument for the Existence of God1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ontological Argument for the Existence of God The ontological argument is an a priori argument. The arguments attempt to prove Gods existence from the meaning of the word God. The ontological argument was introduced by Anselm of Canterbury in his book Proslogion. Anselms classical argument was based on two principals and the two most involved in this is St Anselm of Canterbury as previously mentioned and Rene Descartes. The ontological argument argues thatRead MoreEssay about Ontological Argument Critique 857 Words   |  4 Pagesis a much debated philosophical argument that has mystified philosophers since the age of the ‘Enlightenment.’ Many of the different arguments put forth and analysed though, have not adequately proven God’s existence. Although in order to move forward, failed arguments must be studied to ensure that mistakes are not repeated. One such argument is the Ontological Argument. This argument was first recorded by St. Anslem (1033-1109). Descartes adapts this argument in the fifth meditation in ‘MeditationsRead MoreOntological Argument Is Not Reliant On An Posteriori933 Words   |  4 Pages Ontological Argument Saint Anselm created the â€Å"Ontological Argument†. Saint Anselm was the archbishop of Canterbury. The premise of Saint Anselm’s Ontological Argument is that, no greater being can be conceived than God. The Ontological Argument is an a priori or deductive argument. An a priori argument does not have to be supported by real or factual evidence just by reason without observation. Thus, the Ontological Argument is not reliant on an a posteriori premise. An a posteriori argumentRead MoreEssay about St. Anselm of Canterbury1110 Words   |  5 Pages In the following I intend to prove that the ontological argument is in and of itself, insufficient in proving that God exists. There are a few problems with the argument that I will be discussing in detail in an attempt to illustrate exactly why ‘The Ontological Argument’ is unsatisfactory. The Definition of ‘Greater’ St. Anselm of Canterbury defined God as â€Å"that-than-which-a-greater-cannot-be-thought† (Bailey, 2002). The problem with this definition is that the term ‘greater’ is surely up forRead MoreDale Barlet. Philosophy 100. Professor Mcandrews. 3/28/17.1253 Words   |  6 PagesDale Barlet Philosophy 100 Professor McAndrews 3/28/17 In Proslogion, Anselm argues God’s existence using what has come to be known as the ontological argument. Using the ontological argument, Anselm disproves â€Å"the fools† belief that there is no God. However, Anselm does not give enough backing to his arguments. This is particularly true in the fourth point, that it is conceivable that God exists in reality. Although I agree with Anselm, he gives no evidence to support why it is conceivable thatRead MoreValidity And Effectiveness Of Anselm s Ontological Argument On The Existence Of God1095 Words   |  5 PagesAnselm s Ontological Argument on the existence of God. I will begin by presenting Anselm’s Ontological Argument from the ground up. This includes the argument, basic idea, initial assumptions, Anselm’s definition of god, and Anselm s distinctions which are needed to completely understand the nature of my argument. Furthermore, I will present concepts of logic and define what makes an argument vali d, and circular argument because they are necessary for understanding the validity of this argument. FollowingRead MoreThe Medieval Sourcebook For Anselm s 1033-1009 Proslogium1175 Words   |  5 Pages In the Medieval Sourcebook for Anselm’s 1033-1009 Proslogium, Aselm constructs an argument in which it is a deductive ontological argument. Aselm attempts to prove the existence of God through one single argument which is that God does truly exist. However, there will always be dilemmas, conflicts or predicaments when it comes to such sensitive and personal topics such as the existence of God. Atheists are types of people who do not believe in the existence of God and have been continuously denyingRead MoreBeyond a Reasonable Doubt Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesAs surely as the possibility of God’s existence is self-evident to mankind, so it seems is the possibility of His non-existence. While virtually every culture throughout history has believed in at least one d eity, the arguments for and against the existence of Christianity’s God have raged on for centuries. In his Institutes, John Calvin argued that God planted the knowledge of His existence in the heart of every man, saying: That there exists in the human mind, and indeed by natural instinct, some

Effect of Communication Barriers in Organization Free Essays

string(144) " having a meeting in a meeting room so that everyone can concentrate to the thing that they discuss and came up with a best solution or result\." Ladies and Gentleman’s, Today, I want to share with you about ‘Effect of Communication Barriers and how to overcome this barriers’. Good communication is very important. Without communication, there is no way to express our thoughts, ideas and feelings. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Communication Barriers in Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since we babies and grew up, we learnt more words and study how to communicate with different people, at different times, in different ways. Studying about communication enables us to be good communicators and brings a ways to a good effective communication. Communications have a many definition. What in important, communication needs a sender and a receiver of the message. No matter how, communication can describes as a process which begins when we have a message that want deliver to other person’s, the person’s received the message, react to it and respond our message. That response may lead us to react and give another message (Elizabeth Tierney, 1998). This message must be conveyed through some medium to the recipient. It is essential that this message must be understood by the recipient in same terms as intended by the sender. There are three (3) types of effective’s communication that we used every day in our lives (Camp Satterwhite 2002). First is Oral Communication. Oral Communication is the spoken interaction between two or more of people. It’s used as an instant and immediate to conveying and receiving of information. It’s also builds self-esteem for both the audience and the speaker. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. These recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interview, etc. is significant so as to build a rapport an trust. According to Camp Satterwhite (2002), Oral Communication follow ways by Face to Face conversation, meeting, voice mail messages, tele-confering, oral presentation and lastly is public speaking. All these ways can be good communication and it’s most effective when the sender of a message has a good skill to deliver what they want to said. The second types a re a Written Communication. It means a representation of a language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbol (Wikipedia). Written Communication is the way how we interpreted the feeling by some piece of paper. Written Communication can take place via letters, faxes, memos, e-mail, and reports, minute of meeting and new releases. It provides documentation and proof of the exchange of information. It helps in laying down apparent principles, policies and rules for running of an organization Last and not least, any kind of communication not involve the word, it’s called non verbal communication. This is the last types of communication that we use every day. It is communication of feelings, emotions, altitudes, and thoughts through body movement, gestures, eye contact, etc. Non verbal can include vocal sounds that are no word such as grunt, sigh, and whimpers. Effective communication plays an important role not only in organization but is equally important in our personal life. Effective communication is important at all the levels in an organization. Effective communication goes a long way in passing the correct and the desired information to the recipient and the work is accomplished without errors in a short span on time. Effective communication also nullifies the chances of misunderstandings, conflict and errors which might crop in cases where the message is not clear. But, in the same time, there has a barriers can distract and prevent person’s from paying full attention to the message. It called as ‘Communication Barriers’. Ok, let’s see what that communication barriers, Barriers Communication is an interference or noise that might interfere when communication process happen. When I making the research what kind effect of communication barrier, they have lot of barrier can may distract and prevent the receiver from paying full attention to the message. Therefore, on this day, we will be discussing five (5) communication barrier and how to solve this problem. One of communication barriers is Physical interference. Physical interference is external and outside the control of both the speaker and the receiver. It affects the physical transmission of the message. Example a noise disturbances like loud music, the sound of traffic from a busy road, static coming from loud speaker system, or loud drilling from a nearby. Those kind of physical interference will affect the massage that been transferred from speaker to the listener. Let’s have a test to prove that this. Try to get 20 person sitting in the circle near to a radio and give a sentence to the first person â€Å"She swim at the sea shore and find a sea shell†. I confident that the word after receive by the last person in the group will only â€Å"She swim.. † and the other word will be lost between the root from one person to another. This is a common thing that happened to us every day because of the surrounding and to avoid this thing happen and we have to overcome the problem first. Try to look at the issues here; the massage was not been transfer correctly because of the sound surrounding the group. At any circumstances, the message might be wrongly be delivered because of the music from the radio itself. Human bodies are connecting to each other and were link to our brain. If the ears are hearing something else other than the message that the delivered, the brain will capture something that similar to the massage or will lost in the transmitting. To solve this problem, we have to make sure that there are no interruption or and activity other than the group itself. In our life, if someone are having a discussion that involve two way communication, we have to make sure that we at the place that no other thing can interrupt the conversation between the group. In a corporate organization, they will always having a meeting in a meeting room so that everyone can concentrate to the thing that they discuss and came up with a best solution or result. You read "Effect of Communication Barriers in Organization" in category "Papers" A second barrier of communication is a Lack of Enthusiasm, Subject Knowledge, Language and Emotion. Many of us are quick feel hopeless and turn away from a situation. This is one of the problems that lead to communication barriers. Do you really believe your organization is better than the competition’s Do you look as confident manager as you say you are? If you don’t have knowledge about your organization, it’s problem to your organization. Why I say so, this is because when you’re don’t have knowledge and experiences, it can hamper to the overall working of an organization. So, to solve this problem, we as a manager must show some enthusiasm like begin paying attention to the types of expressions we use. When everything we do with a smile, a serious or negative message will not happen. Languages play an important role in a joint communication in an organization. When we do a dealing with other country, we must have a requires skill to understand the language of their country. Example this language barrier is, when a country like Malaysia trade with Japan, the problem occurs when the communication dealing. This is because, Japan use their language as a intermediate language. So Malaysian must learn their language to communicate with them other than English to facilitate a transaction. Emotions are obstacles to any communication. If there are negative feelings that arise in the mind of a person, all communications will be interrupted. In an organization, we, as a manager should play an important role in a good relationship with all employees. We must be ready to solve problems that occur between subordinates not with a heavy heart side even with a sense of rational. On my knowledge and experiences, each organization provides performance evaluation for each employee. Every manager must needs to put forward their views on the performance of employees. Problem to this situation is, when manager used their emotion to this views on the performance of employee like dishonesty, jealousy, and other negative feelings, it will affect the progress of performance subordinate staff. These things should not happen in to organization. So, all manager here, please don’t use your emotion when evaluating the performance on your subordinates. The third problem of communication is a Semantic Barrier. Semantic barriers are the misunderstandings meaning of word and can occurs the barrier of communication. Someone can interpret the meaning with their experienced. It’s related between word, signs phrases. It’s is the most difficulties in communication arise because the same word or symbol means different things to different individuals. Example of Semantic Barriers is like Connotation and Fluency. Connotation is a commonly understood subjective cultural or emotional association that some word or phrase carries, in addition to the word’s or phrase’s explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation (Wikipedia). They have a two (2) distinct sense. First is a ‘What must we know in order to determine the reference of an expression’ and secondly an idea to we suggested for implemented. For all knowledge, a sentence can convey entirely different meanings depending on the emphasis on words and the tone of voice for example, the statement, â€Å"I didn’t SAY you were stupid† has six different meanings, depending on which word is emphasized like ‘I didn’t say YOU were stupid’ and ‘I didn’t say you were STUPID’. Some point to all remember is when we are angry or excited, our speech tends to become more rapid and higher pitched, when we are bored or feeling down, our speech tends to slow and take on a monotone quality and when we are feeling defensive, our speech is often abrupt. Fluency is the ability to read text accurately and quickly. Most people around us do not fully master the skill to speaks and read with confident. This weakness makes one’s self look weak in any communication with co-workers and managers. Fluency is very important to all of us. Why I say it is important? These is because, it shows that someone is knowledgeable in a particular field, say with utmost confidence and this will make the people around respect for ourselves. The fourth problem is a Physiological Interference. Health problems are one of the causes of the outbreak of the communication barrier. Headache, hearing loss, blindness, lack of focus, and suffer from short term memory lost due to physiological challenges on the part of the speaker or the receiver. When this happens, the speakers or the receiver will not take note of the things that will be presented by the speaker. Conditions such as headaches, blindness, lack of memory, hearing loss occurs in every person around us. Is my own example, if we have a headache, blindness, pain throughout the body, we will automatically fully concentrate on the pain and if someone started chatting, we like to take cognizance of and did not focus on it. If someone who was hearing-impaired, it is the biggest problem faced to communicate with people around. As speakers, if we want to deliver a thing of message, we must say with a loud tone clearly so that the receiver understands the meaning that we want delivered. For the blindness eyes, this will also affect the delivery of on-screen if any speakers make presentation using power point slides. This resulted in someone’s difficult to concentrate on a slide that is displayed. Therefore, health is very important in a relationship communication. We will be constantly emphasize that our personal health symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, dim eyes, aching body is not the case because when it is in our bodies, all the important things will not be able to fully focus especially if are performing their duties in place work. Last and not least, is a lack of written and spoken in English. This is the one problem that happen in all of us expecially who doesn’t know how to communicate in English. In an organization, English is the main language. Less of reading book in English also be How to cite Effect of Communication Barriers in Organization, Papers

Commodification Impacts on Tourism free essay sample

Marketing teams have developed â€Å"the dream vacation† for just about everyone, whether your interests lie in adventure travel, cruising, or wine tasting, your imagination (and perhaps your budget) is pretty much your only limitation. Along side this ever increasing number of vacation destinations a large body of research on the â€Å"tourist machine† also grows. Over time, the focus of tourism research has shifted somewhat from the basic sort of anthropological or sociological questions such as â€Å"why do people choose the destinations they do† and â€Å"how do the natives of these tourist destinations feel about their â€Å"guests†Ã¢â‚¬  to more of an environmental and cultural impact approach. The impacts commoditization on tourism is the focus of this paper. Commoditization, in terms of tourism, is the â€Å"packaging† and sale of an idea or story. What I mean by that is that what is being turned into a commodity is an â€Å"experience,† not a tangible product. For example, Commoditization of the past is the sale of tradition and/or history. Commoditization of culture is the sale of tradition and/or ritual. Many authors have written about the impact that tourists attention to a community’s ethnic identity has on that culture and have found that long-lost traditions are being revived and even new ‘staged traditions’ are being dreamt up in order to comply with the tourists’ growing demand for ‘authentic cultures’ (Cohen, 1988; MacCannell, 1999; MacDonald, 1997; Van den Berghe, 1994). Ooi (2002),when researching the contrasting strategies Denmark and Singapore have taken in tourism, coined three terms to describe some important issues that the commoditization of tourism has facilitated. Heteroglossia, refers to the conflict of commercial and cultural contexts in tourism; polyphony, highlights the ubiquitous voice of the authorities in managing the clashes of tourism and local culture; and the carnivalesque refers to the spheres of activities beyond the control of the authorities. These three concepts are loosely used as the foundation for this paper. Quite often a developing country’s last resort in its quest for economic growth is to venture into the tourism industry (Lea, 1988). Even if that country’s government enters into the tourism arena with the noblest of intentions, their desires to lure in foreign exchange, attract investments, increase income and employment levels, and to achieve general progress can force governments to base their decisions â€Å"on the wishes of the dominant actors in the industry; therefore they generally tend to favour the large-scale development of (multinational) tourism enterprises† (Roessingh, 2004). Growth of a tourism industry in a developing country is often a double edged sword. On the one hand, it is not uncommon for the growth to begin even before the government commits to supporting the venture, leaving its development up to the private sector (Dahles, 1999). This places the pressure of development initiatives upon the private sector and, while they are likely to gain income for their efforts they are no match for the large scale companies that will inevitably come knocking. This informal private sector contains small-scale, mostly self-built and unorganized, entrepreneurs. The formal sphere or large scale companies on the other hand, consists of large, capital intensive, well-structured, mostly multinational enterprises (Roessingh, 2004). On the other hand, these large enterprises often bring with them significant investments, knowledge, and technology and can therefore contribute more to the economic growth of the country it enters than their smaller competitors would. Because of their connections in the tourist markets, knowledge of the demands and standards of Western tourists and money to invest, these large multinational chain hotels, are at an extreme advantage over most local entrepreneurs. The ties to western tour operators that the multinational companies often have enable them to quickly obtain a monopoly position, leaving the local businesses to slowly wither and die. As if the obvious advantages had by the large companies were not enough to secure their position as â€Å"leader of the pack† it is not unheard of for psychological arfare to be a weapon of choice in the commoditization of tourism. Local entrepreneurs in Puerto Plata, Northern Dominican Republic, claim large tour operators tell tourists that it is better to stay in the resorts (rather than privately owned hotels) as leaving the confinement of the resort’s grounds could put them in at risk of being swindled or robbed. Its also common to hear that the food and wa ter outside the resort’s boundaries are unhealthy and unhygienic (Roessingh, 2004). The same sources also claim that they are being left off of tour operators lists and being told a variety of bogus explanations for the omission but are later finding out that the tour guides have received financial â€Å"incentives† to bring their groups to these large resorts. Being that so many of the resorts these days operate with an â€Å"all inclusive† policy, tourists staying at them have even less incentive to go offsite to local clubs, restaurants or shops. This ‘all-inclusive’ structure, forced the remaining destinations in the Dominican Republic to follow this new trend in tourism. This ultimately meant another setback for the local businesses in the Puerto Plata region, as this all-inclusive system resulted in a further loss of business for the small shops, restaurants and hotels (Roessingh, 2004). As a result residents often have no other options but to seek employment with the company that has put them and/or their neighbours out of business. Increasing competitiveness among small entrepreneurs is another widespread problem. Should a local entrepreneur somehow manage to keep their business afloat, their desperation can turn a small business into an uncomfortable environment. Local tour guides fight over tourists and shop keepers use high pressure sales techniques to â€Å"make the sale† before the customer leaves to go to the neighbouring store (Dahles, 1999). Most entrepreneurs would blame the government for their lack of opportunities within the tourism industry (Roessingh, 2004). Roessingh, in his study of small entrepreneurs in Puerto Plata, stated that the â€Å"Dominican government had to make far-reaching decisions to use land and financial means to develop this new industry at the expense of other sectors in the economy. Tourism policies implemented by this government have focused on attracting foreign investments, leaving the small entrepreneurs in the tourism industry without access to the necessary resources for development. By favouring the development of large resorts, financed by private investors, the government was able to attract large numbers of tourists and become an important tourist destination, but by ignoring the small entr epreneurs they have created a situation of economic dependency, frustration and confusion among the few local entrepreneurs that remain. Ironically, the port of Puerto Plata has been left to deteriorate to such an extent that it is no longer able to harbour large cruise ships. The disappearance of the cruise ship industry has meant a major loss of clientele for the small businesses in Puerto Plata. In what has been called â€Å"cultural tourism† local food, traditions, crafts, performances, and historical sights are packaged into â€Å"products. † Some say that local cultures are changed when they are transformed into â€Å"tourist-friendly† goods. Mass production of native arts or crafts, for example, strip away their originality, reduce their quality and rob them of meaning. This new â€Å"product† becomes part of the finely tuned tourism machine and is no longer dependent upon the hands of its creator. A decline in the number of skilled artisans who are unable to compete with mass production, is inevitable (Wyllie). While many cultural â€Å"impact studies† tend to depict tourism as ‘a force of social change coming to destroy territorial and local identities’ Lanfant (1995) argues for a more active approach, considering tourism as a driving force for cultural change. Others disagree that commoditization could be a catalyst for cultural change. Goffman (1959), for example, described in his theory on social behaviour what he calls the front-stage and the back-stage, as two different settings for everyday life social behaviour. He suggests that front-stage the performers (the locals) act in one way for their audience (the tourists) who believe this to be their ‘normal behaviour’, while on the backstage (at home, among friends, peers, etc. ) they express their ‘true feelings’ when the audience is absent. Yet a third perspective on the impact of tourism’s commoditization on culture is that of â€Å"involution†(McKean 1998). McKean sees this as a process by which economic necessity and or conservatism pressure a people into retaining their traditional methods of artistic expression so that tourism thrives. When a community is involved with the decision making of how to attract and maintain a tourist base and when they see financial benefit from their efforts to be accommodating hosts often they will shrug off inevitable inconveniences as minor irritations (Wyllie). Other researchers focus more upon the conflicts that can arise when a town or village becomes viewed more as a product then as a the home and birthplace of another people’s culture. Different values, behaviour patterns, language and so on, are all possible causes for conflicts between the visiting and visited. Also, the increasing number of tourists that locals are confronted with has been found to â€Å"provoke a stronger feeling of ‘identity’ among the residents, they idealize the past and blame the ‘intruders’ for changes. In this situation tourists are no longer seen as individuals from different countries, but as one group of ‘outsiders’. It becomes a matter of ‘us’ against ‘them’ (Pedregal, 1996). Social groups emerge with the development of the commoditization of tourism. Again, as previously stated, conflict between members of the host community can also arise due to competition for the tourist dollar. With regard to the commoditization of tourism’s impact on the environment, that it pollutes and disfigures, corrupts traditional cultures, and overburdens local resources is, simply put, common knowledge or is it? Some believe that too frequently the arrival at this conclusion is founded largely on emotion, prejudices, and preconceptions (Hughes, 2002). Hughes states â€Å"precious little science has been brought to bear, largely because there is precious little science available. † He also proposes that this data deficiency â€Å"acts either to silence the environmental side of the tourism-environment debate, through lack of factual information with which to contest the quantitative facts of economic importance, or to marginalize it to the untrustworthy domain of â€Å"emotion† and â€Å"prejudice. In an effort to construct environmental indicators for tourism Furley, Hughes, and Thomas (1996) recommend that indicators be developed using three categories. These indices were corporate, national, and site or destination specific. By defining a comprehensive inventory of characteristics for each category it might be possible to maintain a more objective view of tourism’s effects. Paradoxically, The exponential growth of tourist numbers and their spread to previously remote regions has brought attention to the potentially harmful character of â€Å"nature-based tourism. The more popular a tourist destination becomes, the more likely it is that it will be degraded due to heavy visitation, which in turn may diminish the quality of the experience. Goldsmith (1974), in an effort to define the level of use before a decline in the user’s recreational experience, identified four categories of carrying capacity: physical, ecological, economic, and perceptual. This unusual research perspective, it seems, is more concerned with the decline in the tourist’s experience than the declining state of the destination’s environment, even though the spread of tourist-made tracks has shown significant negative impact in these areas (Hillery, 2001). What about the impacts commoditization has on the tourist itself? Some have suggested that commoditization has little impact on the tourist due to cultural ignorance, inevitably leaving them with lower expectations of authenticity (Wyllie). Urry (1990), on the other hand, gives today’s tourist consumer slightly more credit and feels that tourist may be returning to the â€Å"Grand Tour† concept in which travellers seek more than pure indulgence and prefer an actual â€Å"experience. Should this be the case, perhaps tomorrow’s tourist will tread more softly upon our earth than today’s. How has commoditization impacted tourism? Simple. The planet, once explored by very few, has become the â€Å"backyard† of anybody with a passport and the means to travel. Large corporations have invested readily available capital in research and development of this increasingly popular â€Å"commodity† and have become the â€Å"backyard bully. † By promising significant financial gain or incentives to the governing bodies of developing countries the bully obtains control over the destinations caretakers. Even the most savvy of caretakers are vulnerable to the might of the corporation and can ultimately lose any real control over their country that they originally had. Once the bully has the governing bodies â€Å"in their back pocket† they are free to saturate the destination with foreign owned interests (hotels, restaurants, tour guides, etc. ). Eventually, the never ending capital at the bully’s disposal is used to eliminate one local business after another creating a monopoly for themselves. This monopoly forces the once independent locals into a position of dependency. Locals will eventually depend upon the hotels and restaurants to employ them, not so that they may thrive or prosper from the sharing of their homeland, but simply so that they may feed their families. In an effort to control the â€Å"culture† which attracted the tourist to the destination in the first place, the bully begins to manufacture it. They mass produce artifacts and recreate rituals that once had significant meaning to it’s disciples reducing them to mere â€Å"dinner theatre. † Eventually all originality and charm are drained from the tourist destination, making each one indistinguishable from the next. The intimacy once enjoyed by the tourist and the locals is all but lost, robbing both parties of a genuinely enriching cultural experience. The bully does not believe in intimacy or genuineness he only believes in volume. Conflict is encouraged by the commoditization bully. Conflict between the locals and their government, and conflict between the locals themselves. Although it is widely accepted that conflict can be good, I would have to ask what good can come from conflict manipulated by a third party who’s only interests are self serving?

11 Terrorist Attacks Essays

9/11 Terrorist Attacks Essays 9/11 Terrorist Attacks Essay 9/11 Terrorist Attacks Essay An Analysis of the 9/11 Terrorist Attack On September 11, 2001, 19 Al Qaeda terrorists hijacked four United States commercial airliners travelling from the east coast to California. The hijackers forcibly took control of four planes. Two planes were purposefully crashed into the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City. The third aircraft was flown into the Pentagon building in Washington DC. The fourth plane landed in a Pennsylvania field. All of the people on board the aircrafts were killed. There were 2996 people killed including the hijackers and the airline passengers and the victims on the ground in New York and Washington DC. A total of 836 first responders also died as the result of their efforts to rescue people in the WTC before it collapsed (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). According to the US government, 9/11 was an act of war. The United States government, state and local agencies mobilized during the disaster. Victims in New York and Washington DC were taken to area hospitals for medical treatment. As the result of the terrorist attack, the government instituted a series of measures that changed the United States policy towards terrorism and homeland security. The aftermath of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks left the country in a state of shock. The report on 9/11 details the steps taken by the government during the attack on the WTC and the Pentagon. The attacks caused wide-spread confusion among air traffic controllers and news organizations. During 9/11, the government used radio and television to communicate with people and inform them of the situation. Grisly scenes of the wreckage were replayed in the media. Government and state agencies communicated with each other via radio and walkie talkie. Cell phone and telephone services were impossible; because, the volume of calls disabled communications networks. Because of the possibility of more 9/11 style attacks, the government immediately invoked SCATANA, Security Control of Air Traffic and Navigation Aids. United States (US) airspace was closed to all aircraft except for military aircraft, and the US border was closed to international travel. Planes that were in flight were ordered to land immediately. International planes that were travelling to the United States were forced to land in Mexico or Canada. Because the 9/11 terrorists targeted the White House and the Pentagon, the federal government created a contingency plan for the continuity of government in cases of emergency. In addition, a plan for the evacuation of the top American political leaders was developed and implemented in case of future terrorist attacks (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). On September 11, 2011, the government declared a state of emergency. The United States military and the National Guard were mobilized. The states of CT, NJ, NY, and VA also mobilized resources. The government passed the USA Patriot Act which allowed law enforcement officials to invade the privacy of citizens suspected of terrorism. The National Security Agency also employed listening devices to eavesdrop on the telephone and email communications of people in the USA and other countries without a warrant. In addition, The Homeland Security Act was passed in 2002 to protect the United States from terrorism and natural disasters. Because of the Patriot Act, several of the masterminds of the 9/11 terrorist attacks were captured, like Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). After the first attack in New York, the New York Police Department (NYPD), Port Authority Police Department (PAPD), and Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were mobilized to care for the wounded, conduct search and rescue operations. In New York City, the subway was closed and main roadways were cleared for emergency use. In Washington DC, similar actions were taken to secure the city and the surrounding area. In New York, the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) also began search and rescue and firefighting efforts. After the 2nd plane crashed, 2000 NYPD officers rushed to the World Trade Center. In addition, there were numerous port authority officers coordinating efforts with the NYPD and FDNY. In New York City, the Office of Emergency Management (OEM) was located at the WTC. Difficulties occurred in New York because the OEM office was destroyed after the second airplane crash and had to relocate. In addition, many people were trapped in the WTC because rooftop rescues were not possible, and airspace was closed. The authorities and people trapped in the WTC were unprepared for the mass evacuation which occurred. Inadequate communications also created problems in the aftermath of 9/11. Government and local agencies communicated with one another by radio or walkie talkie, as cell phone communications were impossible. Problems occurred with the state and local response in New York because the number of 911 calls disabled the emergency channels. In addition, messages to first responders were given inaccurately which caused problems with search and rescue operations. First responders in New York failed to get relevant radio messages which resulted in the deaths of firefighters and civilians (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). A triage station was established, at the WTC, to treat victims with injuries and transport them to area hospitals. Problems occurred because of lack of communication among the EMS staff and area hospitals. In addition, there was no helicopter transport for the most critically injured patients. Some reports suggested that many of the physicians who became first responders were not adequately trained in emergency medical procedures (Simon Teperman, 2001). In Washington DC, local, regional, state, federal, police, fire, and military agencies responded to the Pentagon attack. In addition, FEMA, the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms, Red Cross, Department of Defense, Ronald Reagan National Airport Fire Department, and the VA Department of Emergency Management assisted. Prior to the Pentagon attack, the government received advanced warning of the hijacking and began evacuating all personnel. Because of the swift evacuation of the Pentagon and skillful mobilization of the state government and local agencies, there were fewer casualties than in New York. Communication in Washington DC was conducted by pagers and walkie talkies, as radio and cell phones did not operate. In the aftermath of the attack, Operation Solace and the Dilorenzo Clinic were established to provide families and victims of the attack with mental health care and therapy. Pentagon workers were desensitized and returned to work as quickly as possible. Operation Solace and the Dilorenzo Clinic were highly successful. People were able to return to work within several days of the attack, and there were no long-term mental health consequences. The Pentagon Family Assistance Center was created to assist people who lost a family member and were homeless because of the attack. Homeless families were housed in the Sheraton hotel for a month and provided with housing assistance. The government also assisted families with financial assistance and memorial services (Ritchie, n. d. ). The 9/11 terrorist attacks were the first large scale attacks in America since Pearl Harbor. The government should be given credit for mobilizing quickly, and speedily establishing services to care for the wounded. Because the government took immediate action, closed airspace and warned the pentagon of the impending attack, lives were saved. Problems with the 9/11 response occurred in the areas of communication and lack of training in some first responders. In future disasters, communication should be conducted by walkie talkie or text message instead of radio and cell phone. Studies have also suggested that first responders need better training to handle large scale emergency events. In the 9/11 disaster, over 3000 people lost their lives. However, because of the courageous actions of the American people and government and local agencies, many people survived the tragedy. The lesson of 9/11 continues to affect American policy on terrorism and disaster planning, at the state and federal level (The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). References (National Commision On Terrorist Attacks 2004 9/11 commission report)The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (2004). The 9/11 commission report (). Retrieved May 10, 2011, from The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks website: 9-11commission. gov/report/911Report. pdf (Ritchie E 2011510 9/11 response to the pentagon)Ritchie, E. (n. d. ). The 9/11 response to the pentagon. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from newpaltz. edu/idmh/keynote3ritchie. pdf (Simon R Teperman S 2001 World Trade Center attack: Lessons for disaster management)Simon, R. , Teperman, S. (2001). The World Trade Center attack: Lessons for disaster management. Critical Care, 5(6), 318-320. (United States Government 20010911 George W. Bush 9/11 address to the nation)United States Government. (2001, September 11). George W. Bush 9/11 address to the nation. Retrieved May 10, 2011, from americanrhetoric. com/speeches/gwbush911addresstothenation. htm

Incredible India Essays

Incredible India Essays Incredible India Essay Incredible India Essay Dinner Transportation etc. Travel in IndiaWelcome Ceremony An auspicious and ceremonial welcome in Indian Traditional style at the Hotel with Shehnai Nagada wadan (music) at the entrance, with caparisoned camels / elephants at the gate with men women showering flower petals. The Barat (bridegrooms entourage) are greeted by with a ritual called aarti followed by tikka. Accomodation: A suit in Haveli for one night for newly Weds on complimentary basis. A special discount on Room rent to accommodate other guests. Bridal Make Up ; Costume: Bridal make up at Salon ; Costume can be arranged. Bridegroom: Leading him in procession, often-on horseback or caparisoned elephants for the Bridegroom to the marriage venue accompanied by the brass band. Bride: A silver chariot for the Bride ; Bride maids to ride to the Jaimala site. Vidaai (Concluding ceremony): Vidaai, the ceremony of seeing off the bride after the wedding, is a emotional moment for her family. We can make it all the more poignant with the lilt of the shehnai and transporting her in a tastefully decorated palki. Decoration: * Decoration of lights on trees. Decorated lights on Haveli ; Hotels ; Swimming pool. * Floral Decoration of Mandap. Rangoli ; Flower decoration, special Floral decoration ; Diyas along the pathways. * Decorative lights on the main entrance gates. The Art of Mehndi The wedding season is on! Its May already, which means the wedding seasons in full swing! Indian weddings are noisy colorful family get-togethers, which wouldnt be complete without certain things the religious ceremonies, the feast for the gue sts, and of course, the beautiful mehndi designs adorning the hands and feet of the bride and her friends. Read about mehndi, the ancient Indian body art thats reinvented itself as a modern fashion accessory. Its safe and painless since it does not require the skin to be pierced. Its completely natural and non-toxic. Its fun, exotic, beautiful, and as simple or complicated as you want it to be. It can last for a couple of days or as long as a month. Its a 5000 year old tradition and a modern craze. It was used by our grandmothers and their grandmothers and their grandmothers but our daughters and granddaughters also think its cool . It goes by the name of mehndi, and its the ancient Indian art of adorning the hands and feet with intricate designs and patterns, using a paste made from the finely ground leaves of the henna plant. The term refers to the powder and paste, the design on the skin, as well as the party or ceremony. It originated in Egypt and in Middle Eastern countries during ancient times and it slowly spread to India and other hot climates like Malaysia, Persia, Syria, Morocco, Sudan and North Africa. LANGUAGES Indias official language is Hindi in the Devanagri script. It is the primary tongue of 30% of the people. The States are free to decide their own regional languages for internal administration and education, so there are 18 official languages spoken throughout the country. Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri and Sindhi, are among the official languages which are also widely spoken. Sanskrit though an official language is hardly ever used except in rituals and ceremonies. While English enjoys associate status, it is widely spoken and is one of the most important languages for national, political, and commercial communication. In all there are 24 different languages, each spoken by a million or more persons; as well as millions of other languages and dialects.

The Banqiao Reservoir Dam Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Banqiao Reservoir Dam Failure - Essay Example This essay discusses that the collapse of the Banqiao and Shimantan Dams together with a several dozen much smaller dams in the Zhumadian Prefecture of Henan Province in China in August 1975 is among the world’s most devastating dam failures. Initially, it was reported that the dam failure was attributed to a natural disaster. However many years later and after considerable research, researchers have come to the conclusion that the Banqiao Reservoir Dam’s design and the design of the other reservoirs, together with the standards associated with containing the river are partly responsible for the dam failure.   In essence, it is now generally accepted that the Banqiao Reservoir Dam failure was due to both man-made error/engineering failure and a natural disaster. Zhumadian is situated in the Southern region of Henan Province with Hong and Ru Rivers running east through Zhumadian converging upon the Huai River.   The Banqiao Dam was constructed on the Ru River in 1952 as part of the flood control programme for the Huai River.   In 1956, the Banqiao Dam was reconstructed elevating the dam height and improving the capabilities of the reservoir.   The Banqiao Dam was constructed so that it could withstand â€Å"1-1in-1,000 year flood (306mm rainfall per day)†. The Banqiao Dam was described as a â€Å"clay-core earth fill dam† measuring 24.5 meters in height with the ability to store up to 492 million meters and with a further 375 million cubic meters â€Å"reserved for flood control†.... The parapet walls elevation was 117.64 meters. The discharge capacity was built for 3,092 cubic meters with 1,800 cubic meters accounting for the main spillway, 1,160 cubic meters were designed for the supplementary spillway and 123 cubic meters designed for the conduit (Xu, et. al., 2008). The Disaster The collapse of the Banqiao Dam began on the evening of August 7, 1975 when a large storm became stationery over the Henan Province. As a result the deluge sustained over a foot of rain daily for a period of three days (Chiles, 2001). The rainfall dumped by the storm amounted to 1005 mm of rain in a day’s time and 1605 mm of rain over a three day period. In one hour, flooding overtopped the Banqiao and Shimantan dams leading to their collapse (Eliasson & Lee, 2003). In all, over 60 smaller dams collapsed because â€Å"dikes and flood diversion projects further downstream could not resist such a deluge† (Eliasson & Lee, 2003, p. 620). Land measuring over one million hecta res also sustained flooding, more than 100 km of the railway line connecting Guangzhou to Beijing sustained damages, many villages and towns were either entirely or partly submerged in water and several million residents became homeless. Conservative estimates report that some 26,000 persons drowned in the flood directly linked to the failed dams and an additional 145, 000 eventually died as a result of causal famines and epidemics in the weeks that followed (Eliassin & Lee, 2003). Evaluating the Engineering Failures of the Banqiao Dam Collapse Becker (1998) puts the construction of the Banqiao Dam and the associated dams in its proper perspective. According to Becker (1998) the Banqiao Dam was constructed around a time where irrigation was a prime agricultural policy. At the

Chivalry among men in the novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chivalry among men in the novel - Essay Example Despite their difference in origin, the two terms referred so much to a similar class of soldiers with similar ideals in proper behavior and conduct that the terms can now be used almost interchangeably. However, the word ‘chivalry’ still works to connote more of the honor code that was held among these fighters, such as the duty to uphold one’s honor regardless of the cost and the charge to protect a woman’s honor to an even greater extent. The Catholic Encyclopedia offers the most complete definition of what the word came to mean by the time Dumas wrote his novel: â€Å"Chivalry †¦ as an institution is to be considered from three points of view: the military, the social, and the religious† (Moeller, 2006). The ideals contained in these three areas can be traced throughout Alexandre Dumas’ novel The Three Musketeers through the characters of D’Artagnan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis. At the very beginning of the novel, the concept of chivalry is introduced as a principle part of D’Artagnan’s upbringing as the reader is given a glimpse into the young man’s leave-taking of his parents. His father advises him, â€Å"At Court, if you ever go to Court, ... be honest and above board with everyone. Always remember your rank and carry on the tradition of good behaviour which your family has been true to for the past five hundred years. †¦ Stand no nonsense from anyone but the King and the Cardinal. Remember, nowadays it’s only by personal courage that a man can get on in the world† (Dumas, 1982, p. 29). This speech sets the tone very early on by which D’Artagnan’s life is to be characterized. In all of his actions, he is expected to be truthful, honest, above board and courageous, repaying every insult given him with immediate and swift retaliation. It also becomes apparent during this speech that D’Artagnan i s indeed of an ancestral line capable of attaining knighthood and is

Network Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Network Security - Research Paper Example Secondly, internal and physical security will discuss human threats, physical access to server rooms and servers, sensors and sprinklers etc. Moreover, protecting accidently shutting down system will also be discussed. After evaluating vulnerabilities associated with these three domains, controls will be proposed and justified accordingly. Furthermore, incorporation of Scilly University network architecture will also be utilized for better insights. 2 Research Methodology and Literature Review We will utilize Scilly University in our research as a basis of our discussions. Moreover, we will focus on qualitative research on information security, tools, assessments and statistical data in some cases. It has been concluded by some experts that the year 2012 is considered to be the worst year in terms of computer network security breaches (Schirick, 2012). Likewise, the year that has not even passed the half year mark, some of the foremost companies were sufferers of network security bre aches resulting in massive losses (Schirick, 2012). However, the news buzz only highlights Sony and Citibank to be victims of network security breaches, as these companies are popular among the public. The other sides of the picture highlights organizations of all sizes are affected by the consequences of network security breaches. Likewise, it can be concluded that network security risks are continuously evolving, modifying and growing at a rapid pace. Organizations normally install a firewall and even intrusion detection systems that triggers alerts of any suspicious activity, as these two components only covers the technical domain and not the human and physical domain. The current network scenario is utilizing a Virtual Private Connection that is connecting one or more sites. However, the VPN connection is also entitled to allow internet traffic on the same dedicated line from the Internet Service Provider. Moreover, the current network only utilizes a single firewall that is lo cated at the main campus of the university. It concludes that the rest of the two remote sites are only protected via a simple Network address translation function that is incorporated in a DSL modem. Moreover, there are no advanced security appliances such as Intrusion detection systems for analyzing and monitoring any suspicious activity that may possibly become a threat to the University’s computer network. Moreover, there is no patch management for updating security patches in the workstations connected to the network. There are no indications of hardening servers for instance, email server, application server, centralized server and database server must be hardened and needs physical protection as well. The network security vulnerabilities will be accessed in three categories i.e. logical security, internal security and external security. As far as logical security is concerned, we can see that the fig 1.1 demonstrates a firewall, Microsoft Internet Security and Accelera tion (ISA) server and a domain controller with Microsoft Active Directory. The three categories for network vulnerabilities are categorized as below: 2.1 Logical Vulnerabilities The current logical controls for protecting information assets within the network are Microsoft Active directory, ISA server and a Firewall. The Microsoft active directory is not primarily a security control, as

Study on the Usability of Semiotics in Graphic Design

Study on the Usability of Semiotics in Graphic Design Keywords: Fine, flat, graphic design, semiotics, usability studies. Abstract. Currently, The current flat design has become a mainstream approach is widely used in web design, computer and mobile phone systems, interface design. In graphic design, graphic symbol design is increasingly being taken seriously and use minimalist design symbols often appear in print design plane, PPT presentations, public areas, identity-oriented system like. This paper discusses the design of graphical symbols flat in graphic design use need to make the audience cognitive ability, graphic symbols standardized principles, design principles angles for effective information design to achieve efficient information communication. Materialized mostly graphic image symbols, and mostly flat graphic indicator; flat screen symbol by the proposed development materialized symbol interface evolved. Materialized the graphical interface and the graphical interface is flat coexist and cannot replace each other. During the design, the designer should be based on the advantages and disadv antages of the two styles complement each other interfaces, common graphical interface design services. Introduction Today, the mobile Internet as an important sign towards the information society, information resources to meet the people of the richness, diversity and access mode flexibility, convenience and mobility needs. The emergence of mobile terminal makes access to information even more ways to enhance an absolutely important position, but also because of this, people on the phones features, quality and other requirements are also increasing. The main task of graphic design is to strengthen the exchange of information between people, is the performance of graphical symbols tool exchange required. The current flat design has become a mainstream approach is widely used in web design, computer and phone system interface, PPT, flat-screen print and in public areas such as identity-oriented system design. Simple graphical symbol accompanied by a short text message to pass different meaning, purpose is to allow people to quickly clear awareness and understanding. Graphic design appropriate symbol not only bring visual beauty, but also to replace the cumbersome expressed in words, to convey information at a glance. In recent years, flat style swept the field of digital interface, the smart phone in its interface design is also increasingly used to this style, as a smart phone interface main elements, carries the flattened icon indicating the function information important role in transmission, its operating efficiency has been much attention to design practitioners and the research community. Currently on academic research among flat design, the icon for the study of usability problems are more scarce, the vast majority of existing research dedicated to qualitative theoretical analysis, the lack of objective quantitative research as a reference, and thus the actual availability of flat icons lack of a clear conclusion and in this study, for the first time physiological data with a combination of psychological data on the availability of flat icons depth study. As a smart phone user interface in an integral part of the design of the phone icon in the experience economy driven began to play an increasingly important role, it carries with it the expression of specific functions and the important role of transmitting information. At the same time, the merits of icon design will directly affect the user experience and operational efficiency user interface design has become an important factor affecting the success or failure. Current research work related to academia flat design which is ongoing, this article from the perspective of design elements, the existing theoretical research supplement; At the same time, the existing research on the flat design and design of the actual use of materialized efficiency is no clear discussion of the results, a lot of literature has pointed flat icon simple, efficient features in the study, but the lack of evidence of objective evidence, so we are starting from a usability point of view, as experiments on fl at icons materialized icon comparative study, you can search for two types of icons efficiency more in-depth discussion, in order to provide an objective reference for the relevant academic research. Figure.1 Flat design The Proposed Methodology User interface virtualization.  With the rapid spread of smart mobile phones alternative to traditional phone and touch-screen technology, mobile phone interface, any original physical button has been gradually transformed into the software interface of the virtual keys. In the pursuit of handset design and integrated accounting wave, many Android phones also have physical buttons below the screens only designed to become a key form of induction, a trend that makes the most of the smart phone in addition to home and on key volume, lock screen button, theres no extra physical keys, the operation of mobile phone users by the majority of the screen is completed, and thus gradually evolved detail gesture commands. Figure.1 Schematic diagram of operating gestures flat design.Flat first refers to the modern enterprise management process, in response to the plight of the traditional hierarchical organizational structure faced adopted a management model. The core of the model is to reduce the layers of management and appropriate management of all levels of management to increase the amplitude, and eventually will be similar to the pyramid form of organization into a more flattened form to improve management efficiency. From a social development perspective, the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹easing the situation well in all areas due to the rapid economic development brought about by organizational level redundancy, and therefore outside the field of business management, this concept also has good application value. As a new, more and more designers and design style used by the organization, not simply flat design with innovative visual style to win users eye, but through the extra ingredient abandoned in the design and the decorative elements of restraint, giving users a better experience. In the new digital era background, flat design choose a more suitable for the characteristics of the virtual interface design approach, rather than a continuation of the traditional design style, it is precisely because it has brought the rapid development of flat design in recent years. Materialized design.From the visual style, the materialized with the flat in stark contrast to the former by giving audiences do addition way, the use of shadows, highlights and a gradient effect on image icon to maximize close to the real object, with vivid three-dimensional effect to use bring a strong visual impact; while the latter is in the form of subtraction, to remove redundant decorative elements, and then extract the main part of the article, and present them in the form of simple graphs. Although the two images using a different design approach (the former and the latter is a flat style quasi-physical style), but both are based on the reality of the alarm image as a template to make too, that the only difference between them in the right sense of reality on more detailed characterization, but nature does not jump out of the old framework to create new timekeeping, this time with a flat quasi-physical difference can be understood as a decorative technique on. Thus, in the course of the study must be combined with the use of a specific object context in order to make a correct understanding of the two design styles. Figure.1 Flat and materialized style icons Flat icons in visual form.From the perspective of the visual form of icons, smart phone interface icons can be distinguished from the two dimensions of time and space. From the time dimension, the phone icon can be divided into static and dynamic state. Which as the name suggests is a static icon icon elements remain static icon, the class icon is currently widely used in mobile phones user interface which. And dynamic visual style icon over time is changing, distracting when used in smaller interface, and thus rarely appear among the mobile phone interface. From the spatial dimension, the phone icon can be divided into two-dimensional, three-dimensional and three-dimensional space of three forms. Wherein the two-dimensional icon with the latter two diametrically opposed in style, it avoids the shadows, highlights, and other three-dimensional simulation of the effect of the material in the design process, resulting in the visual style it showed a strong tendency to flatten. Further subdivided on the basis of the two-dimensional handset icons can also be divided into simple monochrome icon and complex multi-color icons. Body element.Flat icons in the main element is the means to play a major role in the transmission of information in the icon section. Size icons. Due to differences in the smart phone hardware specifications and product positioning on, resulting in the current characteristics of the phone screen size diversity, and to interface design workers brought unprecedented challenges. At the same time, the size of the icon has become a matter of design choice requires workers often face. Flat internal icon generated.Products due to human practical needs to be created, early product form most simple and plain, after the Arts and Crafts Movement   after the products components have been decorated to a new height, in the subsequent internationalism movement, designers again return to reason, he began to pursue the simple and efficient design form. From the design evolution trend is easy to see: With the development of society, design forms are also experiencing an iterative development process from simple to complex and then to mobile phone interface icons materialized birth, it helps people reduce cognitive burden and narrow the distance between the display unit to assume an important role, but with the widespread adoption of smart phones, this role is already overtaken by events. In this case the public needs to be more simple, modern, and can be accommodated in the limited screen design in the form of additional information, in such a social environment flat s tyle icons have emerged, and quickly swept through the design. It is the image of the symbol of traditional design approach materialized icons used, namely by imitating real objects textures, shadows, and other effects of gradual way to shorten the distance between the user interface and product awareness to reduce costs. But in recent years with the rapid development of diverse Internet products and mobile phone functions, making the product interface is also more and more filled with information, because the flattened icons using more indicators and symbols, therefore its use in the mobile phone interface which also makes the smaller screen to hold more information, to achieve the maximum interface features. Flat external design generates.The arrival of web2.0 era, breaking the room Internet information barriers between each other, so that the user between the site and realize the two-way exchange of information. With the rapid proliferation of computers, many Internet users to be in the bottom-media background to create vast amounts of information resources, and gradually cause the current information explosion situation. As the Internet and smart phone product interface is filled with more and more information on the loose interface classify and organize the content becomes very important at the striking simplicity of flat icons used to distinguish between different content identification function on It is particularly efficient. To visualize the icons instead of boring text, not only shrink the layout, improve the rate of plate interface, but also convenient for users to search. With the upgrading of digital products continues to accelerate, the mobile phone market have been the birth of many different sizes and resolution display, which gives materialized from the shadows of the past, icons, textures, gradients, and other three-dimensional effect constitutes brought new challenges diversity phone screen enables designers need to create a variety of sizes and resolutions icons to adapt to this trend, which makes materialized icon design becomes both cumbersome and time-consuming, not only increases the workload of the designer, but also improve the development costs. The flat design uses icons to detail the elements more restrained and more use of vector graphic design elements and symbols, can solve the problem of adaptation at different resolutions. Flattened icons designed to minimalism as the core, advocated the adoption of a simplified rendering of images to reduce the complexity of a graphical interface, while the use of bright colors to improve the clarity of the interface layout, enables the user to focus more on desired completed tasks. Therefore, the above analysis shows that, flat style icons can help users better perform tasks more functional interface, especially in the smaller screen smart phone interface which, it can well improve recognizable icon element , efficient and user-friendly operating in different environments. Conclusion We analyzed the availability of flat icons. First, we analyzed the characteristics of smart phones and equipment operation, carded product usability evaluation system, eye tracking technology related indicators. We introduced the flat design concept, and through existing mobile phone brands and APP interface icons investigation and analysis summarizes the status of the application icon flat, visual form, color and size body element, and generating flat icon analysis of the causes. In the latter part of the article, in conjunction former interim research results, based on the collection and self-painted the corresponding flat icon creative design eye search experiment, and post-test questionnaire and subjects interviews of flat icons availability of comprehensive evaluation. Most smart phone interface design will be used simultaneously to two types of flat icons, such a design approach not only ensures improved aesthetics user interface operational efficiency, but also to some extent, it is possible to attract the users . With the social environment and the changing needs of users, smart phone interface design has been in development and change them, from the original materialized style to todays prevailing flat style appearance of the style icon of the phone has undergone tremendous change, to among the mobile phone interface usability studies icons flat, one can explore the actual efficiency of the icon, subjective feelings and understanding of user satisfaction rating in the course of the icons, it also can be the basis of empirical research on future icon design work to provide a reference and reference. References 1. Lupton, Ellen, and Jennifer Cole Phillips. Graphic Design: The New Basics: Revised and Expanded. Chronicle Books, 2015. 2. Calori, Chris, and David Vanden-Eynden. Signage and wayfinding design: a complete guide to creating environmental graphic design systems. John Wiley Sons, 2015. 3. Krasner, Jon. Motion graphic design: applied history and aesthetics. Taylor Francis, 2013. 4. Ly, Tiffanie. CST 300L October 7, 2013 The Growth of Graphic Design and the Designer Graphic design is an art medium that communicates through combining specific elements to create the representation of a certain product or project. This art form is unknowingly. Growth (2013). 5. Wang, Qi, and Huifang Li. Analysis on Tactile Field in Current Graphic Vision Design. 3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2014). Atlantis Press, 2014.

Essay --

Jacob bowler Ms. Miller English 12 26 October, 2013 How the Nazi regime changed the world Hail Hitler this was the phrase of the most feared group at the time the Nazi regime. They were one of the most powerful groups in the world even after losing one war they start up another one. Fighting and for the most part concurring and ruling lots of lands. They tricked everyone with their claim of just trying to reclaim the previously lost lands. Now while the nazi party did ultimately fail in their attempt to take over control of the world, they did succeed in creating great amounts of fear making many technological advancements and destroying millions of the Jewish race. One of two greatest motivators of people is fear, or fear of something. This was a great motivator of the Nazi regime their powerful tactics and ideas did not just cause fear for the time period of theirs but also to the present we still fear many things that had happened back then. One small thing that they did that still is here today is the fear of the police, with the secret police there was great fear of them and what they could do to you. With that fear people were less likely to disobey Hitler’s laws and methods. How that method still lasts today is that lots of people still fear cops and generally distrust the police and those associated with them. That means everyone that dose any illegal activity is very afraid of cops and any form of punishment that they could deal out. Then there is the undercover cops just like the secret police, cops that could infiltrate groups doing illegal activities. This also makes the groups very distrustful of most people, just like the pe ople that helped the Jews during the holocaust. So after all the pain and destruction of th... ... They came up with most the terror tactics showing that there can be many different ways of controlling specific groups through through many different tactis. So thought this it shows that the past and what happened there can have a great effect on us that it caused us to learn from the mistakes from the past. It shows that we have done many stupid things but also a lot of great things came out of the nazi party that they created. Showing that the best of things along with the worst of things can come out of the same thing. Horrors and miericals, bad and good everything can have two sides and different effects so this is how the Nazi party while failing to be able to control the world they did succeed in generating great amounts of fear, making many technological advancements and then greatly diminishing the populations of the Jews through murderous activities .

Speech: Teacher and South East High

South east has thought me a lot of things but I am very thankful that it gave me three great qualities that I still carry on today that are Respect, leadership, and professionalism. It has been long since I first lay my eyes on this school. I was 14 years old when I arrived in this country. I dint know what road to take, my thoughts were hey vacations since I originally lived and went to school in Guadalajara, Mexico.I decided that the best choice for me to take was to stay and achieve an education in the United States. I did not think twice after my uncles showed me South East High. I was like yea this is the place that I want to come to. I loved the way it looked, the way the people treated each other, and how friendly staff was. Once I started I found out that South East wasn't only a school it was something of another world. I had very good memories from all my teachers that I had had through all my four years on school.One of my biggest memories is the time when I first come at school, it was the first week of school and I want it to go back at home with my parents, brother, and sister because I really miss them but they told me that I have to be strong and achieve all my goals and here I am graduating me and starting a new beginning. One of the motivations that inspire me was the words that Martin Luther King said â€Å"I have a dream† so do I and it’s to become the greatest architect.My parents always told me that I can become whatever I want if I keep trying and doing the best that I can and never give up. Trough all this years on school I had learned so many good things here on South East High that my friends, teachers, counselors, and also others had teach me. They teach me to be who I am and not try to be who I am not. One of my teachers that I am really thankful is my ESL teacher that teaches me in the best way that he could.He teaches me how to write and speak this language. I want to say at all of you that I know and also at those wh o I don’t know that you have to do what you’re heart tells you and try to achieve all your goals not to do what other people wants you to do. I want to thank at all my teachers and family for all the help that they gave me. Thank you everybody for listed to me and Go Class of 2010 we did it.

buy custom The Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Students’ English Language Performance essay

buy custom The Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Students’ English Language Performance essay The following are questionnaires on The impact of social factors on students English language performance in terms of both social and economic angles, taken a random sample of university students with an age range of 16 to 22 years old. Social Factors 1- The English language is an essential language for our social life. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 2- Being the primary language in our world, knowing English is a must. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 3- As a medium of communication in all aspects, the English language is helpful for your future occupation. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 4- Having one of your parents well-educated may positively serve the learning of the English language. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 5- Having one or both of your parents fluent in the English language, may accelerate the process of acquiring the learning English. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 6- Practicing English at home with your parents, will definitely urge you to enhance your performance in class. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 7- Practicing English with your classmates in your free time helps your performance in class. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 8- Expressing yourself in public places gives you self-confidence that will be projected in your classroom. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 9- Reading books with your friends or watching television with your parents encourages your improvement in class. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 10- Deriving from a poorly educated family, from both sides of your parents, plays a negative role in your English performance in class. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree Economic Factors 1- Being economially wealthy, gives you self-confidence and helps your performance in class. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 2- More income gives you the opportunity to fulfill more than your basic needs. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 3- For a better communication business-wise the English language is helpful. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 4- A wealthy home environment is helpful for a better performance in the class communication process. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 5- The nature of your parents occupation interferes positively with your English learning process. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 6- Only one of your parents working, would be of less impact on your English learning process. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 7- Both of your parents being employed in a decent job, facilitates and urges your performance in English better. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 8- Being of a wealthy background, positively and critically establishes an anxiety and trouble-free environment that helps your English language performance. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 9- Coming from a wealthy family relieves you from an ample size of responsibilities, thus investing more energy into an adequate performance in English. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree 10- The English fluency of your mother, is more likely to assist in your English language learning. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree Mixed Methods: Description Mixed methods research is a study plan with theoretical suppositions and methods of inquisition. As a methodology, it comprises philosophical assumptions that conduct the course of the compilation and breakdown of data and the blend of qualitative and quantitative tactics in numerous stages during the reesearch development. As a process, it accentuates the collection, analysis and merging of both quantitative and qualitative data into a sole observation or a chain of studies. Its innermost basis is that the application of merged quantitative and qualitative techniques generates an improved perception of research problems than each process alone. Even though the expression mixed methods might not be common to an ample number of collective, behavioral and human science academics, its regular employment will urge researchers to perceive this technique as a divergent methodology and method, exploited by progressively larger educated society. By combining the datasets, the investigator su pplies an enhanced recognition of the issue than if each dataset has been applied alone. Why Have I Chosen to Exploit Mixed Methods Throughout my Research? Mixed methods research brings about strong points that compensate for the weak points of both quantitative and qualitative researches. This has been the past dispute for mixed methods research for the preceding 25 years. The disagreement states that quantitative research is feeble in accepting the framework or setting in which people converse. Moreover, within quantitative research, the voices of members are not openly heard. Furthermore, quantitative researchers reside in the backdrop and their mere individual preconceptions and explanations are rarely argued. Qualitative research recompense these flaws. Alternatively, qualitative research is viewed as lacking, since the researcher often deploys personal readings, the resulting partiality formed by this, and the complexity in oversimplifying results to a large group due to narrow number of members scrutinized. However, quantitative research is argued and does not involve any of these setbacks (Lieber Weisner 2010). As said before, mixed methods research offers more inclusive substantiation for examining a research problem than either quantitative or qualitative research alone. Investigators are possess the privilege to employ all of the gears of data collection obtainable, instead of being limited to the kinds of data collection classically linked to qualitative research/quantitative research. Mixed methods urge the researchers to work in partnership across the occasionally challenging association between quantitative and qualitative examiners. Initially we are the group, behavioral and human sciences researchers, and the segmentation among quantitative and qualitative only helps in contracting the ways and cooperation to investigation. Mixed methods research urges the employment of compound paradigms instead of the archetypal involvement of particular paradigms for quantitative researchers and others for qualitative researchers. Mixed methods study is useful in the logic that the researcher has the autonomy to exploit all techniques feasible to tackle a research problem. It is furthermore useful since entities have a tendency to resolve problems via both figures and words, they merge inductive and deductive judgment and they apply talents in scrutinizing people, in addition to transcribing performance. Buy custom The Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Students’ English Language Performance essay

Dehydration Reaction Definition in Chemistry

Dehydration Reaction Definition in Chemistry A dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction between two compounds where one of the products is water. For example, two monomers may react where a hydrogen (H) from one monomer binds to a hydroxyl group (OH) from the other monomer to form a dimer and a water molecule (H2O). The hydroxyl group is a poor leaving group, so Bronsted acid catalysts may be used to help to protonate the hydroxyl to form -OH2. The reverse reaction, where water combines with hydroxyl groups, is termed hydrolysis or a hydration reaction. Chemicals commonly used as dehydrating agents include concentrated phosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, hot ceramic and hot aluminum oxide. A dehydration reaction is the same as a dehydration synthesis.  A dehydration reaction may also be known as a  condensation reaction, but more properly, a dehydration reaction is a specific type of condensation reaction. Dehydration Reaction Examples Reactions that produce acid anhydrides are dehydration reactions. For example acetic acid (CH3COOH) forms acetic anhydride ((CH3CO)2O) and water by the dehydration reaction2 CH3COOH → (CH3CO)2O H2ODehydration reactions are also involved in the production of many polymers. Other examples include: Conversion of alcohols to ethers (2 R-OH → R-O-R H2O)Conversion of alcohols to alkenes (R-CH2-CHOH-R → R-CHCH-R H2O)Conversion of amides to nitriles (RCONH2  Ã¢â€ â€™ R-CN H2O)Dienol benzene rearrangementthe reaction of sucrose with concentrated sulfuric acid (a popular chemistry demonstration)

367 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

367 - Essay Example 3. The context of this material is†¦ Identify the political, economic, social, historical, etc., background surrounding this material. This may include information on the existing knowledge on the subject and gaps in our existing knowledge. The context of this material is urban Australian real estate industry. While major industries would require programs that can recruit the right employees, in urban Australia, getting the individual to work is an issue. The main points in this material are that Australia shows that the safety of employees within the industry is based on the use of technology to provide details regarding construction measurements and planning. Mismatch between program-based decisions and human-based manual work is reported to result in higher number of injuries and deaths within the industry. Focus on the incidences in Makkah City’s construction industry shows that the national’s policy and preparedness for disasters does not support the companies involved with construction (Australian Industry Group, 34). The key concepts in this material are construction workers’ health and safety at their places of work and are grounded on the Herzberg’s two-factor theory on motivation and hygiene. Based on the information regarding other nations’ safety standards and the stabilities of various industries, Australia builds on policies that aim at reducing the worker fatalities by at least 20 percent and the rate of claims made within a week or several weeks by 30 percent (Australian Industry Group, 33). 6. The most important information in this material is†¦ Identify the key information the author used to support his arguments/analysis. Identify the facts, data, evidence, experiences, etc., the author uses to reach their findings. The most important information in this material is that the Australian

News talk critique Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

News talk critique - Coursework Example The two presentations depicted varying characteristics. The first one, presented in class, received dismal responses from the audience. In particular, the class showed a lack of interest in the topic and consistently failed in answering questions posed after the presentation. Their response indicated that I lacked confidence, eloquence and clarity. The information was not well understood. The second presentation received a small audience of two at the Centre for Business Communication. In this presentation, I was more confident, composed and articulate. The audience’s response was positive with questions being answered. Despite feeling nervous, the audience took no note of fear. In the next year, I hope to improve my presentation skills. The particular areas of focus are essential in public presentation. The first is confidence boosting which will allow me to have composure during presentations. Eloquence will facilitate the dissemination of information in a clear and precise manner. Moreover, I will seek to present in front of several individuals to reduce my stage fright. Developing good memory skills will boost the quality of my presentations as the bulk of information will be remembered. Lastly, I will endeavour to develop a controlled voice without shaky notes. This plan will culminate into improved presentation

Long-Term Assets (Assignment 8) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Long-Term Assets ( 8) - Assignment Example Generally, the company recorded a positive change in its long term assets which is a positive thing. However, the financial statements and notes to the financial statements of Pentair Inc do not disclose vital information such as accumulated depreciation. Instead, the company has computed the combined values which make it impossible to identify specific information. Does your firm report any intangible assets on the balance sheet? If yes, describe the policies, e.g., method and estimated life, your firm uses to compute amortization expense. YES. Pentair Inc uses the unit-of-activity method in the amortization of intangible assets such as patents. The company provides for an estimated useful life of five years ending in the year 2017. If yes, describe the acquisitions or disposals that occurred. In April 2012, Pentair acquired Sibrape including its subsidiary at a cost estimated to be $21.5 million. However, the company did not record any disposals during the same period. How do your firms long-term asset ratios compare to those of your comparison firms? Are they high, low, about the same? Is there anything specific about your firm, its industry, or your comparison firms or industries that tend to explain the differences between your companys long-term asset ratios and those of the other firms? Discuss and explain. Pentair’s long-term ratios are almost the same to those of comparative firms. This is because most of the ratios among the firms are within the same range. However, there are some slight differences between the ratios and this can be attributed to the difference in the sizes of the firms and how they manage their long-term assets. Bigger and well managed firms have higher long-term assets ratios compared to other firms. In most cases, the size of a firm is measured by the level of its revenues or assets. In this case, we can measure the size of a

Mergers and Acquisitions and Market Share Essay Example for Free

Mergers and Acquisitions and Market Share Essay Mergers and Acquisitions refers to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different companies that can aid, finance, or help a growing company in a given industry grow rapidly without having to create another business entity. A merger is a combination of two companies to form a new company, while an acquisition is the purchase of one company by another in which no new company is formed. Definition The main idea: â€Å"One plus one makes three†. The equation is specially based on Merger or Acquisition. The key principle behind buying a company is to create share holder value over and above that of the sum of the two companies. Two companies together are more valuable than two separate companies together. 1. Acquisition: An acquisition is the purchase of one company by another company. Acquisitions are actions through which companies seek economies of scale, efficiencies and enhanced market visibility. All acquisitions involve one firm purchasing another there is no exchange of stock or consolidation as a new company. Acquisitions are often congenial, and all parties feel satisfied with the deal. Acquisition has become one of the most popular ways since 1990. Companies choose to grow by acquiring others to increase market share, to gain access to promising new technologies, to achieve synergies in their operations, to tap well-developed distribution channels, to obtain control of undervalued assets, and a myriad of other reasons. So, because of the appeal of instant growth, acquisition is an increasingly common way to expand. 2. Mergers: The combining of two or more entities into one is called merger. Therefore, a merger happens when two firms agree to go forward as a single new company rather than remain separately owned and operated. What makes Mergers and Acquisitions? These motives are considered for making of mergers and acquisitions: 1. Economy of scale: This refers to the fact that the combined company can often reduce its fixed costs by removing duplicate departments or operations, lowering the costs of the company relative to the same revenue stream, thus increasing profit margins. 2. Economy of scope: This refers to the efficiencies primarily associated with demand-side changes, such as increasing 3. Synergy: Better use of complementary resources. 4. Taxes: A profitable company can buy a loss maker to use the targets loss as their advantage by reducing their tax liability. 5. Geographical Diversification: This is designed to smooth the earnings results of a company, which over the long term smoothen the stock price of a company, giving conservative investors more confidence in investing in the company. 6. Empire building: Managers have larger companies to manage and hence more power. 7. Increased revenue or market share: This assumes that the buyer will be absorbing a major competitor and thus increase its market power (by capturing increased market share) to set prices. 8. Cross-selling: For example, a bank buying a stock broker could then sell its banking products to the stock brokers customers, while the broker can sign up the banks customers for brokerage accounts. Or, a manufacturer can acquire and sell complementary products. 9. Resource Transfer: Resources are unevenly distributed across firms and the interaction of target and acquiring firm resources can create value through either overcoming information asymmetry or by combining scarce resources.